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Russian constitutional referendum, 1993 : ウィキペディア英語版
Russian constitutional referendum, 1993

A constitutional referendum was held in Russia on 12 December 1993.〔Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1642 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7〕 The new constitution was approved by 58.4% of voters, and came into force on 25 December.〔(The Constitution of Russia ) President of Russia〕
==Background==
Since 1992 President Boris Yeltsin had been arguing that the 1978 constitution was obsolete and needed replacing.〔(The Constitution and Government Structure ) Country Studies〕 He called for a new constitution which would grant more powers to the President.〔 However, two competing drafts of a new constitution were drawn up by the government and the Congress of People's Deputies.〔 Failure of the two groups to reach a compromise led to Yeltsin dissolving the Congress of People's Deputies in September 1993,〔 leading to a constitutional crisis.
Yeltsin then called a Constitutional Assembly that was sympathetic to his views.〔 The Assembly subsequently drafted a constitution that provided for a strong presidency,〔 and was published on 11 November.〔Richard Sakwa (2008) ''Russian politics and society'' Taylor & Francis, p64〕

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